Reconfigurable antennas are a type of antenna that can dynamically change their operating frequency, radiation pattern, polarization, or other characteristics in order to adapt to different communication needs or environmental conditions. This flexibility allows for improved performance and efficiency in wireless communication systems, as the antenna can be optimized for specific applications or scenarios. Reconfigurable antennas can be electronically tunable, using techniques such as switching elements, varactor diodes, or MEMS (Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems) to change their properties. Research in this area focuses on developing new reconfigurable antenna designs, improving their performance, and exploring potential applications in fields such as mobile communications, satellite systems, and IoT (Internet of Things) devices.